Yes you're using a shader network, it doesn't matter if you're using a texture you painted or the Maya checkered texture, a connection of nodes for the purpose of controlling the look of a surface or light is a shading network. Is your shader network procedural? Meaning generated from algorithms rather than manual input then no it is not, since you've painted the polar caps and such.

As to the original question, if I understand it correctly, you can use the color map for the land masses as a guide to assembling the bump map. But definitely look into UV mapping, the help files give you some pretty good info.