Most likely a RAM issue, like not enough.

You set the scene in wireframe mode last time you saved it so when you open the scene it will open in wireframes right? Not with textures on it right?

And you have saved consistantly in different maya files right?

If you can open it in wireframe mode, put everything in display layer and turn off "visible" with most of the geometries.

Delete history and optimize.
Do a render diognostic and read what the script editor say and follow.

But most likely a RAM issue.
This has happen to me many times that I lost count especially with dense polygons and fur.