Its 100% possible in Maya, Futurama and other 2D cartoons ahve used 3D software within the cartoons, to give the 3D effect to the 2D environment, the opposite is possible but it would need to be, as gster said, done in Vector render.

Look at this link on DT for uses of the toon shader...

https://www.digitaltutors.com/chit_ch...earchid=121538