Welcome to the forum, feel free to ask questions here.
Did you watch the video above that Dave linked in for you? If you search the site for "batch rendering problems" you'll find hundreds of threads trouble shooting this issue, it can be pretty much anything. The best thing is if you put up your scene so someone else can test it for you, it could be something in there like fur etc. causing the problem.
There are free file hosting sites out there, Dropbox seems decent. Also, is there any reason why you're using jpeg as your output format?
Try turning various things off until you can get a render that goes past frame 2.
I can't even open your scene it just crashes Maya, but we use 2011 so someone on 2012 might have better luck with it. That's huge though for a planetary system, try getting rid of all things generated from paint fx to start with. You should use a project folders as well in Maya, when you start a new project go to file>project>new and that will sort your textures, renders and other things in a neat manner. And when you upload files you should compress them, your 20 mb file is 3 mb if you compress it using something like winrar.